PowerShell Attacks: A Rising Cybersecurity Threat

In recent years, PowerShell has emerged as a favored tool for cybercriminals, leading to a surge in attacks leveraging this powerful scripting language. Originally designed by Microsoft as a task automation framework, PowerShell's deep integration into the Windows operating system has made it an attractive target for malicious actors. Its versatility allows attackers to execute commands, manage configurations, and automate tasks, all without the need for external malicious payloads. This capability enables cybercriminals to craft sophisticated attacks that are both stealthy and effective.

The rise in PowerShell-based attacks is alarming. A report from 2025 highlighted that 84% of high-severity cyberattacks employed Living off the Land (LOTL) techniques, exploiting legitimate tools like PowerShell to execute malicious activities. This trend signifies a shift from traditional malware-based attacks to more subtle methods that evade conventional security measures. The use of PowerShell in such attacks allows adversaries to bypass traditional network security defenses, making detection and prevention more challenging.

One notable example is the "Curly COMrades" group, which has been targeting critical infrastructure in Eastern Europe using a custom three-stage malware named MucorAgent. This malware is engineered as a .NET tool capable of executing AES-encrypted PowerShell scripts, thereby maintaining a low profile and evading detection by traditional security solutions. The group's reliance on PowerShell underscores the tool's effectiveness in executing complex attacks without triggering alarms.

The versatility of PowerShell in cyberattacks is further demonstrated by its use in various malicious activities. Cybercriminals have employed PowerShell to steal NTLMv2 hashes from compromised Windows systems, highlighting its role in credential theft. Additionally, ransomware attacks have increasingly utilized PowerShell, with 76% of such incidents in April 2023 involving this scripting language. This widespread adoption is due to PowerShell's ability to execute code in memory, facilitating fileless infections that are harder to detect by traditional antivirus solutions.

The adaptability of PowerShell in cyberattacks is also evident in its use for data exfiltration. Attackers have leveraged PowerShell scripts to exfiltrate data from compromised networks, demonstrating its capability to bypass security measures and extract sensitive information. This method is particularly concerning as it allows cybercriminals to operate covertly, making it difficult for organizations to detect and respond to data breaches promptly.

To combat the growing threat of PowerShell-based attacks, organizations must adopt a multi-layered security approach. This includes monitoring and controlling the use of PowerShell within their networks, implementing robust endpoint detection and response solutions, and educating employees about the risks associated with PowerShell scripts. Regular security audits and the application of security patches are also essential in mitigating vulnerabilities that could be exploited by attackers.

In conclusion, the rise of PowerShell-based cyberattacks presents a significant challenge to cybersecurity. The tool's deep integration into the Windows operating system and its versatility make it a preferred choice for cybercriminals. Organizations must remain vigilant and proactive in their defense strategies to mitigate the risks associated with these sophisticated attacks.