Access control vulnerabilities occur when systems fail to properly restrict access to resources, allowing unauthorized users to view, modify, or delete sensitive information. These vulnerabilities are prevalent in web applications and can lead to severe security incidents, including data breaches and unauthorized actions. A notable example is the Insecure Direct Object Reference (IDOR) vulnerability, where attackers manipulate identifiers to access data they shouldn't have access to. For instance, by altering a URL parameter, an attacker might access another user's data, leading to significant privacy concerns. cisa.gov
To prevent access control vulnerabilities, it's essential to implement robust security measures throughout the software development lifecycle. This includes conducting thorough code reviews, employing automated security testing tools, and adhering to secure coding practices. Additionally, organizations should regularly audit and update their access control mechanisms to ensure they effectively restrict unauthorized access. By proactively addressing these vulnerabilities, organizations can enhance their security posture and protect sensitive data from potential threats. link.springer.com